【 文献重点摘要 】

Background

Evidence points toward shared characteristics between female survivors of sexual abuse and women with dyspareunia. This study explored, for the first time, similarities and differences between women who were exposed to sexual abuse to those with dyspareunia, in order to examine whether insecure attachment styles and high somatization level are associated with trauma among women with dyspareunia.

Methods

Attachment styles were explored using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale to reflect participants’ levels of anxiety and avoidance. Somatization was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory focusing on the frequency of painful and non-painful bodily complaints. Trauma was categorized into three levels: sexual trauma, nonsexual trauma, and no trauma. Results: Sexually abused (SA) women (n= 21) compared to women with dyspareunia (dys) (n= 44) exhibited insecure attachment styles, as expressed by high levels of avoidance (SA 4.10 ± 0.99 vs. dys 3.08 ± 1.04, t(61)=2.66, p= .01) and anxiety (SA 4.29 ± 1.22 vs. dys 3.49 ± 1.04, t(61)=3.61, p= .001), and higher somatization (21.00 ± 8.25 vs. 13.07 ± 7.57, t(59)= 3.63, p = .001). Attachment and somatization level did not differ significantly between women with dyspareunia without trauma to those with nonsexual trauma.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasized the unique role of sexual trauma as a contributing factor to the augmentation of perceived bodily symptoms and to insecure attachment style. This illuminates the importance of disclosing previous sexual abuse history among women with dyspareunia.

Keywords

Sexual abuse, Attachment, Pain, Somatic psychology, Trauma

背景

证据指向性虐待的女性幸存者和患有性交困难的女性之间的共同特征。本研究首次探索性虐待妇女与性交困难妇女之间的异同，以探讨不安全依恋方式和高躯体化水平是否与性交困难妇女的创伤有关。

方法

采用亲密关系体验量表对被试的依恋方式进行调查，以反映被试的焦虑和回避水平。躯体化使用简明症状清单进行评估，重点放在疼痛和非疼痛躯体主诉的频率上。创伤分为三个层次：性创伤、非性创伤和无创伤。结果：与性交困难(DYS)妇女(n=44)相比，性虐待(SA)妇女(n=21)表现出不安全的依恋方式，表现为高水平的回避(SA 4.10±0.99比DYS 3.08±1.04，t(61)=2.66，p=0.01)和焦虑(SA 4.29±1.22比DYS 3.49±1.04，t(61)=3.61，P=0.001)，以及更高的躯体化(21.00±8.25比13.07±7.57)。T(59)=3.63，p=0.001)。无创伤性交困难女性与无性创伤女性之间依恋和躯体化水平无显著差异。

结论

我们的研究结果强调了性创伤的独特作用，它是增强感觉到的身体症状和不安全依恋方式的一个促成因素。这说明了披露患有性交困难的女性既往性虐待史的重要性。

关键词

性虐待、依恋、疼痛、躯体心理、创伤