【 文献重点摘要 】

Background

Masseteric hypertrophy is a benign condition characterized by the enlargement of the masseter muscles. A square‐shaped jawline due to masseter muscle prominence or hypertrophy is one of the general characteristics of the Asian face, making it a frequent target for esthetic treatment requests. While the application of botulinum toxin on the masseter muscle is an off‐label use, it is very popular in Asian countries. However, comprehensive reviews of the complications associated with this procedure remain limited in scope.

Objectives

The goal of this study is to help physicians achieve a comprehensive understanding of the complications associated with neuromodulator injection over the masseter muscle via a thorough literature review.

Methods

A literature search was performed on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases using the search terms botulinum toxin, masseter hypertrophy, masseteric hypertrophy, and/or masseter hyperplasia. Literature from January 1994 to February 2018 was deemed to be allegeable for inclusion and analysis. All available prospective and retrospective studies, case series, case reports, and expert reviews were included, with an emphasis on types of complications, incidence rate, onset time, recovery time, and product used. Articles that do not mention side effects, complications, or adverse events were excluded.

Results

Thirty‐six articles were found, covering type, incidence rate, and clinical course of the complications. These studies were summarized into tabular form for easy reference and comparison.

Conclusion

Botulinum toxin masseter injections are commonly performed procedures with good results and safety profiles. The majority of complications appeared within 2‐4 weeks of injection and disappeared within 12 weeks. Despite the temporary nature of these complications, they often decrease patient satisfaction and confidence, so physicians should familiarize themselves with the regional anatomy and injection safety zones.

背景

咬肌肥大是一种良性的情况，其特征是咬肌肥大。由于咬肌突出或肥大而形成的方形下颌线是亚洲人面部的一般特征之一，使其经常成为美容治疗要求的目标。虽然肉毒杆菌毒素在咬肌上的应用是一种标签外的用途，但它在亚洲国家很受欢迎。然而，对与该手术相关的并发症的全面审查在范围上仍然有限。

目的

本研究的目的是通过全面的文献复习，帮助医生全面了解咬肌注射神经调节剂引起的并发症。

方法

检索PubMed/MEDLINE、Google Scholar和Science Direct数据库，检索词为肉毒毒素、咬肌肥大、咀嚼肌肥大和/或咬肌增生。1994年1月至2018年2月的文献被认为可以纳入和分析。所有可用的前瞻性和回顾性研究、病例系列、病例报告和专家综述都包括在内，重点放在并发症的类型、发病率、发病时间、恢复时间和使用的产品上。未提及副作用、并发症或不良事件的文章被排除。

结果

共检索到36篇文献，涉及并发症的类型、发生率、临床病程等。这些研究总结成表格形式，便于参考和比较。

结论

肉毒毒素咬肌注射是常见的治疗方法，疗效好，安全性高。多数并发症出现在注射后2-4周内，12周内消失。尽管这些并发症是暂时性的，但它们往往会降低患者的满意度和信心，因此医生应该熟悉区域解剖和注射安全区。